What happened to the burgher right after the English invasion in 1664? 


The burgher right continued to be important to Manhattan residents in the years immediately following the English invasion in August 1664. Burgher privileges and responsibilities continued as before though there seems to have been little new immigration for the remainder of the decade. The 1664 Articles of Transfer added the status of “denizen” to Manhattan’s burghers. All city residents were now considered English denizens, legally part of the developing English empire. By the 1680s, the Dutch burgher right easily blended with the English system of freemanship; to be a freeman of the city meant the same thing in English municipal culture as burgher meant for the Dutch culture. The distinction between Great and Small gradually faded, no doubt influenced by its formal end in Amsterdam in 1668. Freemanship was continually granted to individuals through the era of the American Revolution and beyond. Thereafter, with the rise of an American nation-state, the principal of municipal citizenship followed another distinctive evolutionary trail, leading eventually to it becoming an honorary title bestowed on a visiting dignitary rather than a sign of municipal identity.